The EU Whistleblowing Directive: what companies must have in place
Directive 2019/1937 makes every private employer with 50 or more workers run a confidential reporting route, acknowledge each report within seven days and feed back within three months. Each of the 27 member states wrote its own version. Confide is the system built to run a program that meets each of them.
I was asked to approve invoices that don’t match the contract
Fulham F.C.
What the law makes you have
A confidential route that is not the line manager
Article 9(1)(a) requires the route to be run so that the identity of the reporter, and of anyone mentioned in the report, stays confidential and out of reach of unauthorized staff. Confide takes reports by web form, voice, QR code, email and API, routes each one past line management to the people you name, and locks anyone named in a report out of it automatically.
Case listOne queue
CN-2041VoiceHindiNew
CN-2040Web formGermanOpen
CN-2039QR codeSpanishOpen
CN-2038EmailEnglishClosed
Two clocks that start the day a report arrives
Article 9(1)(b) gives you seven days to acknowledge receipt. Article 9(1)(f) gives you three months from that acknowledgment to feed back, or three months from the end of the seven days if no acknowledgment went out. Confide dates the arrival, the acknowledgment and the feedback on every case, so both clocks are visible before either runs out.
Example caseOpen
EU whistleblowing law“Article 9(1)(b) gives you seven days to acknowledge receipt.”
Assigned to an investigator outside the reporting line.
A record of every report, with an impartial handler
Article 9(1)(c) asks for a designated impartial person or department to follow up, and Article 18(1) for a record of every report received, kept no longer than necessary. Confide assigns each case to the handler your roles name, writes every access to an immutable record, and keeps a case under legal hold when it must not be removed.
Example caseIn review
EU whistleblowing law“Article 9(1)(c) asks for a designated impartial person or department to follow up, and Article 18(1) for a record of every report received, kept no longer than necessary.”
Every access to this case is recorded.
The requirements, and how Confide meets them
Requirement
What the law says
Who must have an internal route
Art. 8(3): private entities with 50 or more workers. Art. 8(4): no threshold for entities under the Union acts on financial services, anti-money laundering, and transport and offshore safety listed in the Annex
IncludedOne annual fee by headcount, unlimited users
Written and oral reporting
Art. 9(2): in writing or orally, by telephone or "other voice messaging systems", and a meeting on request
IncludedWeb form, voice report, QR code, email, API
Confidentiality of reporter and third parties
Art. 9(1)(a): identity protected, no access for unauthorized staff
IncludedAnyone named locked out automatically
Acknowledgment of receipt
Art. 9(1)(b), within seven days
IncludedAcknowledgment dated on the case
Impartial person or department
Art. 9(1)(c): designated and competent to follow up
IncludedRoles decide who handles a case
Feedback to the reporter
Art. 9(1)(f), within three months of the acknowledgment
IncludedThree-month clock on every case
Anonymous reports
Art. 6(2) leaves it to member states: Spain requires, Germany and Ireland do not
IncludedAnonymous web form, voice and QR code
Records and retention
Art. 18(1): every report recorded, kept no longer than necessary. Caps: 3 years Germany, 5 Italy, 10 Spain
IncludedImmutable access record, legal hold
Information on external routes
Art. 9(1)(g): how to report to the competent authority
IncludedWritten into the policy at kick-off
Retaliation prohibited, burden reversed
Art. 19 lists fifteen forms. Art. 21(5): detriment presumed to be retaliation
IncludedEvery access on an immutable record
Penalties
Art. 23: effective, proportionate and dissuasive. Germany up to EUR 50,000, or EUR 500,000 for a company. Spain up to EUR 1 million
IncludedSentinel answers across every case
GDPR and data minimization
Art. 17: processing under Regulation 2016/679, irrelevant data not collected, or removed without undue delay
IncludedGDPR, ISO 27001, SOC 2, hosted in Frankfurt
See your price before the sales call.
Why teams in the EU choose Confide
30+
Languages, with a new one within a day
A group with entities in several member states owes each workforce a route it can use. Confide takes reports in 30+ languages and adds a new language within a day, so the Polish plant, the Spanish sales office and the Dutch head office all report into one system, in their own words.
1 day
Standard setup in one day
The duty for private employers with 50 to 249 workers has run since 17 December 2023, and in March 2025 the Court of Justice fined Germany EUR 34 million for transposing late. A standard Confide setup takes one day and an enterprise rollout three to six weeks, hosted in Frankfurt under ISO 27001, SOC 2 and GDPR.
USD 0
Nothing per user, nothing per case
One annual fee from USD 2,000 by headcount covers unlimited users and cases. An entity at the 50-worker threshold and a group with a designated handler in every member state both pay nothing per user or per report, and the AI is in the platform fee, off until you enable it.
Running one program across every member state
From a Directive that sets the floor and 27 national laws that build on it, to one system, one record and one set of clocks in every entity.
A Confide compliance expert works through which of your entities fall inside the duty: every private entity with 50 or more workers, every entity under the Annex's financial services, anti-money laundering, transport safety and offshore safety acts whatever its size, and which national law governs each one. Where reports arrive today, and who sees them, goes on the same map.
2
Map each country's law
Three things differ by member state. Whether anonymous reports must be accepted: Spain yes, Germany and Ireland no. Whether entities can share one reporting office: German law lets a third party run it and lets employers with 50 to 249 workers share one, and French law lets the procedure be common to several companies of a group. How long records may be kept: three years after the case closes in Germany, five in Italy, ten in Spain.
3
Routes in every language
Web form, voice report, QR code, email intake and API go live in the languages your people use, from 30+ with a new one within a day. Article 9(2) requires reporting in writing or orally, and a voice report inside the system is one of the "other voice messaging systems" the Article names, distorted and transcribed with the audio securely held. Article 9(2) also requires a physical meeting on request, and its minutes go on the case.
4
The designated handler and the two clocks
Each report is assigned to the impartial person or department Article 9(1)(c) requires, with the role to see it, and anyone named in it is locked out. The case shows the day it arrived, the day it was acknowledged, within seven days under Article 9(1)(b), and the day feedback went back, within three months under Article 9(1)(f). Echo asks its follow-up questions at intake, so 50% more reports arrive ready to investigate before the handler opens them.
5
Training and the external-route notice
Staff in every entity are told how the route works and what Article 19 protects them from, including threats and attempts at retaliation. The policy carries the information Article 9(1)(g) requires on reporting externally: the competent authority in each country, such as ANAC in Italy and the Autoridad Independiente de Protección del Informante in Spain, and the rule in Article 10 that a reporter may go to it directly.
6
Records, retention and the board report
Every report is recorded as Article 18(1) requires, with every access on an immutable record and legal hold where a case must outlast a retention cap. Data that is manifestly not relevant is not collected, as Article 17 requires. Sentinel answers questions across every case with citations, so the board sees what came in across every member state, what was done and how long it took.
Which companies does the EU Whistleblowing Directive apply to?
Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of 23 October 2019 applies under Article 8(3) to legal entities in the private sector with 50 or more workers, and under Article 8(4) to every entity covered by the Union acts listed in Parts I.B and II of the Annex, whatever its size. Those acts cover financial services, products and markets, anti-money laundering, transport safety in civil aviation and at sea, and the safety of offshore oil and gas operations. Public sector entities are covered too, though member states may exempt municipalities with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants or fewer than 50 workers. Member states had until 17 December 2021 to transpose it and could give private entities with 50 to 249 workers until 17 December 2023. The people protected go beyond employees: the self-employed, shareholders, board members, volunteers, trainees, contractors' staff, and people whose work has ended or not yet begun. The United Kingdom is not a member state and has its own regime.
Article 9 calls them "internal reporting channels" and sets out what each must do. Keep the identity of the reporter and of any third party mentioned confidential, with no access for unauthorized staff. Acknowledge receipt within seven days. Designate an impartial person or department to follow up. Follow up diligently and give feedback within a reasonable timeframe not exceeding three months from the acknowledgment. Give clear information on how to report externally. Under Article 9(2) reporting must be possible in writing or orally, by telephone or other voice messaging systems, and in a physical meeting on request. Under Article 18 every report is recorded and kept no longer than necessary, and a recorded call needs the reporter's consent.
Do we have to accept anonymous reports?
It depends on the country. Article 6(2) leaves it to each member state to decide whether entities must accept and follow up on anonymous reports. The Commission's transposition report of 3 July 2024 found that around half of the national laws regulate anonymous reports, and that where they do, the usual rule is a duty to accept and follow up. Spain's Ley 2/2023 requires internal routes to allow anonymous reports. Germany's Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz says the internal office should process them but need not be built to receive them. Ireland's Protected Disclosures (Amendment) Act 2022 says nothing in it obliges anyone to accept them, and Austria takes the same position. France permits them and gives the same protection if the identity is later revealed. In the Netherlands the provisions are not yet in force, and on 10 July 2025 the minister promised a bill. A group's simplest rule is to accept them everywhere, which satisfies every national law at once.
Can a group run one reporting route for all its subsidiaries?
The Directive places the duty on each legal entity with 50 or more workers, and whether entities can share is answered nationally. Germany's Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz lets a third party run the internal reporting office under section 14(1) and lets employers with 50 to 249 workers share one under section 14(2). French law since the loi of 21 March 2022 lets the procedure be common to several companies of a group. Other member states have their own positions, and a group should check each. What a group can do everywhere is run one system, with roles deciding who in each entity sees which case, a designated handler in each, and the two clocks running on every report wherever it was made. Confide is one annual fee by headcount for unlimited users and cases.
What are the penalties for retaliation?
Article 19 prohibits any form of retaliation, including threats and attempts, and lists fifteen forms, from suspension and dismissal through coercion, intimidation, harassment and ostracism to blacklisting and psychiatric or medical referrals. Article 21(5) reverses the burden of proof: once a reporter shows they reported and then suffered a detriment, it is presumed to be retaliation and the employer must prove duly justified grounds. Article 21(8) requires full compensation. Article 23 requires effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties for anyone who hinders a report, retaliates, brings vexatious proceedings or breaches confidentiality. The amounts are national. Germany fines up to EUR 50,000, and up to EUR 500,000 for a company, for hindering a report, retaliation or an intentional breach of confidentiality, and up to EUR 20,000 for not running an internal reporting office. Spain fines legal persons up to EUR 1 million.
What has happened to countries that transposed late?
They were fined. On 25 April 2024 the Court of Justice ordered Poland to pay a lump sum of EUR 7 million and a penalty of EUR 40,000 a day. On 6 March 2025 it fined Germany EUR 34 million, the Czech Republic EUR 2.3 million, Hungary EUR 1.75 million, Estonia EUR 500,000 plus EUR 1,500 a day, and Luxembourg EUR 375,000. The Commission's report of 3 July 2024 found that all member states had transposed the main provisions, regretted the very late transposition, and said the material scope, the conditions for protection and the penalties still needed work. The EU Whistleblowing Monitor said in December 2025 that none of the 27 laws could yet be called fully compliant, and the Commission's evaluation, which the Directive required by 17 December 2025, is expected by the end of 2026. For an employer the lesson is that the Directive is a floor. Every national law meets it differently, on anonymity, on sharing a reporting office and on retention, and a program has to meet the law of each country it operates in, not the Directive alone.